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Read nowAmerican PRRSpective 2024 – System monitoring to accelerate interventions
- 17 min
- American PRRSpective | AM 2024
- Matthias Thong
Dive into the dynamic discussions, insightful presentations, and vibrant exchanges that made this event unforgettable. Whether you're reliving your favorite moments or discovering new insights, these videos offer an immersive journey through the heart of our community's knowledge exchange.
Fetal hypoxia and apoptosis following maternal porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection
- Top publications | June
- Carolina M. Malgarin, Fiona Moser, J. Alex Pasternak, Glenn Hamonic, Susan E. Detmer, Daniel J. MacPhee and John C. S. Harding
Mechanisms of fetal death following maternal PRRSV2 infection remain uncharacterized, although hypoxia from umbilical cord lesions and/or placental detachment due to apoptosis are hypothesized. We performed two experiments examining hypoxia and apoptosis in PRRSV-infected and non-infected, third-trimester fetuses to elucidate possible associations with fetal death. Fetuses were selected based on four phenotypic infection groups: fetuses from non-challenged control gilts (CTRL); low viral load fetuses (LVL; Exp 1) or uninfected fetuses (UNINF; Exp 2) from inoculated gilts; viable high viral load fetuses (HVL-VIA); and HVL meconium-stained fetuses (HVL-MEC).
Evaluation of PRRSv specific, maternally derived and induced immune response in Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU vaccinated piglets in the presence of maternally transferred immunity
- 3 minutes
- Expertise article
In this study, we analyzed PRRS virus (PRRSv) specific lymphocyte function in piglets vaccinated with Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU® at two and three weeks of age in the presence of homologous maternal immunity. Complete analysis of maternal immunity to PRRSv was evaluated postpartum, as well as passive transfer of antibodies and T cells to the piglet through colostrum intake and before and after challenge with a heterologous PRRSv at ten weeks of age. Maternal-derived antibodies were detected in piglets but declined quickly after weaning. However, vaccinated animals restored PRRSv-specific antibody levels by anamnestic response to vaccination. Cell analysis in colostrum and milk revealed presence of PRRSv-specific immune cells at suckling with higher concentrations found in colostrum than in milk. In addition, colostrum and milk contained PRRSv-specific IgA and IgG that may contribute to protection of newborn piglets. Despite the presence of PRRSv-specific Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in colostrum and milk, no PRRSv-specific cells could be detected from blood of the piglets at one or two weeks of life. Nevertheless, cellular immunity was detectable in pre-challenged piglets up to 7 weeks after vaccination while the non-vaccinated control group showed no interferon (IFN) γ response to PRRSv stimulation. After challenge, all piglets developed a PRRSv-specific IFNγ-response, which was more robust at significantly higher levels in vaccinated animals compared to the primary response to PRRSv in non-vaccinated animals. Cytokine analysis in the lung lumen showed a reduction of pro-inflammatory responses to PRRSv challenge in vaccinated animals, especially reduced interferon (IFN) α levels. In conclusion, vaccination of maternally positive piglets at 2 and 3 weeks of age with Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU induced a humoral and cellular immune response to PRRSv and provided protection against virulent, heterologous PRRSv challenge.
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Day 2 - Practical approaches to gilt acclimatization. Differences between North America and Europe
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Longitudinal piglet sampling in commercial sow farms highlights the challenge of PRRSV detection
- Expertise article
- M. N. Almeida et al.
Processing fluids (PF) and family oral fluids (FOF) are population-based surveillance samples collected from 2- to 5-day-old piglets and due-to-wean piglets, respectively.
Investigation and evaluation of alternate PRRS vaccine options to enhance immunostimulation and increased protection
- Expertise article
- FA Zuckerman, MR Roof, E Vaughn, W Johnson
The objective of this study was to evaluate several adjuvants and/or immunomodulators in combination with Ingelvac PRRS MLV and investigate potential clinical or immunological improvements in vivo.
The results of this study confirmed that in a severe heterologous virulent challenge respiratory model, Ingelvac PRRS MLV provided significant levels of protection.
Refining PRRSV-2 genetic classification based on global ORF5 sequences and investigation of their geographic distributions and temporal changes
- Expertise article
- Yim-im et al., 2023
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important swine pathogen affecting the global swine industry.