The Guilty Gilt Guide was written with a clear objective – to maximize the whole-herd performance of pig populations by helping gilts to reach their full reproductive potential and produce healthy pigs that reach their full genetic potential during grow-finish.
The open reading frames (ORF)5 represents approximately 4% of the porcine repro- ductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 genome (whole-PRRSV) and is often determined by the Sanger technique, which rarely detects >1 PRRSV strain if present in the sample.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important swine pathogen affecting the global swine industry.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) infections continue to result in significant respiratory challenges in the swine industry worldwide. Vaccination for M. hyopneumoniae is commonly utilized, as reduction in bacterial loads and clinical severity in vaccinated pigs have been shown. However, the effect of M. hyopneumoniae vaccination on transmission across different pig populations has been minimally investigated.
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Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a globally emergent epizootic disease of swine. As the name suggests, the disease is mainly described in pigs aged 6-12 weeks and is manifest clinically by mortality, ill-thrift (wasting), paleness, dyspnoea, intermittent diarrhoea and visibly enlarged lymph nodes. Since its first description in Western Canada in 1991 the disease has rapidly spread to all the major pig producing countries of the world including Europe, the Americas and Asia. Most recently, the disease been reported in several countries that were previously considered free from disease (New Zealand and Sweden). PMWS is one of the most common forms of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVD) on a global scale. The role of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in PMWS is clear in terms of its association with the pathology, but less clear in terms of the mechanisms of disease induction and pathogenesis. There is evidence that PCV2 was circulating, at least in Europe, as far back as the 1960s in the absence of epizootic PMWS. PCV2 has been associated with a number of non-PMWS disease conditions, or PCVDs, including porcine respiratory disease complex, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), granulomatous enteritis, and occasional reproductive disorders.
First published in 1958, Diseases of Swine, Tenth Edition isa fully revised and updated version of this classic reference. Nowpublished in association with the American Association of SwineVeterinarians, the Tenth Edition adds new knowledge throughout in areorganized format to provide more intuitive access to information.With chapters written by more than 150 of the foremost experts inthe field, Diseases of Swine remains the premier source ofcomprehensive information on swine production, health, andmanagement for swine health specialists of all disciplines and atany level of expertise, including veterinarians, researchers, andstudents.
Featuring a new content organization designed for improvednavigability, the Tenth Edition adds chapters on the cardiovascularsystem, diagnostic tests and test performance, food safety andzoonotic diseases, show and pet pigs, and the most currentinformation on both long-recognized and emerging pathogens.Diseases of Swine, Tenth Edition is an indispensableresource for anyone interested in swine health.
Identified for the first time in the 1990s, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) should not be considered an emerging virus anymore. Nevertheless, many aspects of its biology and epidemiology are still controversial.
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a disease of nursery and fattening pigs characterized by growth retardation, paleness of the skin, dyspnea, and increased mortality rates. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been demonstrated to be the cause of PMWS. However, other factors are needed for full development of the syndrome, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection has been suggested to be one of them. Twenty-four conventional 5-week-old pigs were distributed in four groups: control (n = 5), PRRSV inoculated (n = 5), PCV2 inoculated (n = 7), and PRRSV and PCV2 inoculated (n = 7). The two groups inoculated with PRRSV showed growth retardation. Pigs inoculated with both PRRSV and PCV2 had increased rectal temperature. One of these pigs developed wasting, had severe respiratory distress, and died. The most important microscopic lesion in pigs inoculated with PCV2 was lymphocyte depletion with histiocytic infiltration of the lymphoid organs, more severe and in a wider range of tissues in doubly inoculated pigs. Interstitial pneumonia was observed in the three inoculated groups. PCV2 nucleic acid was found by in situ hybridization in larger amounts and in a wider range of lymphoid tissues in PRRSV- and PCV2-inoculated than in PCV2-inoculated pigs. TaqMan PCR was performed to quantify the PCV2 loads in serum during the experiment. PCV2 loads were higher in doubly inoculated pigs than in pigs inoculated with PCV2 alone. These findings indicate that severe disease can be reproduced in conventional 5-week-old pigs by inoculation of PRRSV and PCV2. Moreover, these results support the hypothesis that PRRSV infection enhances PCV2 replication.