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Understudied, coinfections are more frequent in pig farms than single infections. In pigs, the term “Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex” (PRDC) is often used to describe coinfections involving viruses such as swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Porcine CircoVirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as bacteria like Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The clinical outcome of the various coinfection or superinfection situations is usually assessed in the studies while in most of cases there is no clear elucidation of the fine mechanisms shaping the complex interactions occurring between microorganisms. In this comprehensive review, we aimed at identifying the studies dealing with coinfections or superinfections in the pig respiratory tract and at presenting the interactions between pathogens and, when possible, the mechanisms controlling them. Coinfections and superinfections involving viruses and bacteria were considered while research articles including protozoan and fungi were excluded. We discuss the main limitations complicating the interpretation of coinfection/superinfection studies, and the high potential perspectives in this fascinating research field, which is expecting to gain more and more interest in the next years for the obvious benefit of animal health.
Regardless of the challenge virus, vaccination of pigs effectively reduced the level of viremia, the lung lesions, and of the PRRSV antigen within the lung lesions.
In this study, we analyzed PRRS virus (PRRSv) specific lymphocyte function in piglets vac- cinated with Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU® at two and three weeks of age in the presence of homologous maternal immunity.
Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) was first isolated in Korea in 1994.
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Dive into the highlights of the Asian PRRSpective 2023 event held in Osaka, Japan on November 7th, 2023, "Fighting Back - Using Evidence to Improve Disease Control". Join us as we explore key insights and strategies presented during this event.
Nursery pig sites utilizing and all-out flow from a large commercial production system located in North Carolina, USA.
A strategic use of Ingelvac PRRS MLV was applied in nursery pigs and the outcome compared to the one from contemporary non-vaccinated control pigs.
Ingelvac PRRS MLV demonstrated significant benefit in improved weight gain per day and livability %, and significant reduction in mortality % in finisher pigs.
“We have an evolutionary process with this virus… evolutionary hot-spots on the surface of the virus, located at points in contact with the host’s immune system”